Inside-earth

Inside earth

We can,t explore much of earth – our deepest mines only travel about 1.6 (1miles)into the crust. However there are scientific ways to find out what it is like inside.

Geologists are able to study rocks from all depths within earth,s crust, because collision between continents push up rock that used to be below the surface,  forming mountains. In some area,s collision have even unearthed vast swathes of the mantle. Volcanoes also sometimes erupt lumps of rock from the mantle. Volcanoes also sometimes erupt  lumps of rock from the mantle. Under the mantle is the core, which scientists have used theb wave from earthquakes to workout that the core is split into two layers – a liquid outer core and a solid inner core.continental crust thicker and less dense then the oceanic crust  rifting two tectonic plates pull away from eachother, and new land created between them. Oceanic crust tinner and denser than the continental crust. Subduction when two plates meet , one can be pushed under neath the other. Pacific ocean crust earth’s outerlayer, which is distinct from the mantle though both layers are made of rock south American coast hotspot mantle plume an upwelling within  the mantle SENDs magma to volcanoes. Inner core a ball of very hot but soild, because of the immense pressure.

Volcanoes in Hawaii

The Hawaiian islands in the mid- pacific have been build by volcanic eruptions. The rock that fomed them was pushed to earth,s surface by hot rock  moving upward in the mantle.

Layered earth

The earth made up of many rocky layers. The top layer is crust. Below that, uniform and slightly denser rock form the mantle. The crust and the top of the mantle form a single rigid layer together, which is called the lithosphere this broken into sections called tectonic plates. Below the lithosphere is the asthenosphere. Only tiny parts of the astenosphere are liquid, but it is soft enough to move, pushing around the plate above. Under the mantle lies the core. The outer core is a liquid mix of iron and sulphur, while the inner core is solid iron and nickel.

The atmosphese

Earth,s atmosphere is made up of gases, which are held in place by gravity. There is no clear boundary  to the outer edge of the atmosphese-it just fades into space. ‘’outer space’’ is generally thought to begin about 100km (62miles ) above the surface.